SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Engineered to target inner mitochondrial membrane via cardiolipin binding. Stabilizes cristae, improves ATP production, and reduces oxidative stress. FDA-approved for Barth syndrome (as Forzinity) — the first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted therapy.
Key Facts
- ClassificationSS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates >1000-fold in inner membranes by binding cardiolipin.
- Primary BenefitsLongevity (9/10) · Brain & Cognition (7/10) · Muscle Growth (5/10)
- AdministrationInjection
- Typical Dose4-5 mg subq, 3 times a week on an empty stomach. Clinical trials showed it was safe at 4-40 mg daily for 28 weeks. Most people notice energy improvements within 3-7 days.
- Evidence StrengthModerate — 20 peer-reviewed studies referenced · Community sentiment 10/10
- Stacks Well WithNAD+, Epithalon, FOXO4-DRI, MOTS-c
- Legal StatusPhase 2/3 Clinical Trials · not prescribable in US
Quick Facts
- From price
- $80
- Type
- peptide
- Administration
- Injection
- Evidence
- moderate
- Studies referenced
- 20
- Community sentiment
- 10/10
- Stacks with
- 9 peptides
- Regulatory
- Phase 2/3 Clinical Trials
Top benefits
Week 1–2
Subtle increase in cellular energy. Improved exercise tolerance if mitochondrial dysfunction is present. Effects are at the cellular level initially.
Week 3–6
Noticeable improvement in stamina and energy. Reduced muscle fatigue. Better recovery from physical exertion. Improved mitochondrial biomarkers on labs.
Week 8+
Significant mitochondrial optimization. Improved cardiac function in those with dysfunction. Enhanced overall energy metabolism. Potential reversal of age-related mitochondrial decline.
Common Side Effects
Scientific Overview
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates >1000-fold in inner membranes by binding cardiolipin. Stabilizes cristae, optimizes electron transport efficiency, and reduces ROS. Phase 2/3 trials tested 4-40mg daily. Note: pivotal MMPOWER-3 trial failed its primary endpoint.
Dosing
4-5 mg subq, 3 times a week on an empty stomach. Clinical trials showed it was safe at 4-40 mg daily for 28 weeks. Most people notice energy improvements within 3-7 days.
Reconstitution, storage, injection sites & timing
Benefit Profile
| Vendor | Variant | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Limitless Biotech | 10mg | $82.99 | Code: PSTACK10Buy |
| Skye Peptides | 10mg | $79.99BEST | |
| Peptide Sciences ✕ Announced voluntary shutdown — stock availability may be limited or unavailable. Pricing data may be outdated. | 10mg | $95.00 | Out of stock |
Stacks Well With
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Critical molecule for cellular energy and DNA repair. Levels may drop ~50% by middle age. Activates sirtuin longevity genes and powers PARP DNA repair enzymes. Injectable form bypasses oral absorption issues.
Epithalon (Epitalon)
Longevity peptide from the pineal gland. Activates telomerase to protect DNA caps and restores melatonin production. Russian studies showed 11-16% lifespan increase in animals.
FOXO4-DRI
Longevity peptide that selectively triggers senescent 'zombie cells' to self-destruct while sparing healthy cells. One of the most precise senolytic tools available.
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial DNA-encoded peptide that activates AMPK, improving insulin sensitivity, fat burning, and mimicking exercise at the cellular level. Stacks well with SS-31 and NAD+.
Semax
Brain-boosting peptide that increases BDNF by ~1.4x at the protein level and up to 3x at mRNA level in animal studies. Promotes neurogenesis, improves cerebral blood flow. Used clinically in Russia for stroke recovery and cognitive decline.
Selank
Russian anxiolytic peptide working on GABA, serotonin, and enkephalin systems. Eases anxiety without sedation or dependence risk. Also boosts immunity. Decades of clinical use.
Retatrutide
Next-gen triple agonist from Eli Lilly hitting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. Phase 2 showed 24.2% weight loss at 48 weeks — highest of any incretin therapy. At low doses, optimizes metabolism without major weight loss.
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)
Synthetic Thymosin Beta-4, a protein that drives cell migration and tissue repair. Promotes angiogenesis, reduces inflammation, and supports tissue remodeling body-wide. Popular for injury recovery.
Dihexa
Brain peptide originally claimed to be 10 million times more potent than BDNF for forming connections. However, the foundational paper was retracted in April 2025 after confirmed data fabrication. A clinical trial also failed all endpoints. Evidence base is now significantly weakened.
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