peptide
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
moderatePhase 2/3 Clinical TrialsInjection
Engineered to target inner mitochondrial membrane via cardiolipin binding. Stabilizes cristae, improves ATP production, and reduces oxidative stress. FDA-approved for Barth syndrome (as Forzinity) — the first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted therapy.
Key facts
- Classification
- SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates >1000-fold in inner membranes by binding cardiolipin.
- Primary benefits
- Longevity (9/10) · Brain & Cognition (7/10) · Muscle Growth (5/10)
- Administration
- Injection
- Doses studied
- 4-5 mg subq, 3 times a week on an empty stomach. Clinical trials showed it was safe at 4-40 mg daily for 28 weeks. Most people notice energy improvements within 3-7 days.
- Evidence strength
- Moderate — 20 peer-reviewed studies
- Stacks well with
- NAD+, Epithalon, FOXO4-DRI, MOTS-c
- Legal status
- Phase 2/3 Clinical Trials · not prescribable in US
Quick stats
- Type
- Peptide
- Administration
- Injection
- Studies referenced
- 20
- Stacks with
- 9 peptides
- Regulatory
- Phase 2/3 Clinical Trials
Scientific overview
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates >1000-fold in inner membranes by binding cardiolipin. Stabilizes cristae, optimizes electron transport efficiency, and reduces ROS. Phase 2/3 trials tested 4-40mg daily. Note: pivotal MMPOWER-3 trial failed its primary endpoint.
Goal coverage · SS-31 (Elamipretide)
⏳ Longevity9/10
🧠 Brain & Cognition7/10
💪 Muscle Growth5/10
🧊 Inflammation4/10
🔥 Fat Loss3/10
🩹 Injury Healing3/10
Medical oversight strongly recommendedNot safe during pregnancy· 2 contraindications